The History and Impact of the Muslim Hospital: with special reference to the rise and development of hospitals, medicine, surgery, pharmacy and dentistry in Western Europe. by Farhat A. Hussain

Author:Farhat A. Hussain [Hussain, Farhat A.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: SHPG
Published: 2015-01-01T08:00:00+00:00

The Mongol invasions

The Mongols invaded the eastern half of the Islamic world in the 13th century. Central Asia, Persia and parts of Iraq were decimated as a result of the destructive Mongol invasions during the 1220’s and 1250’s. Morgan (1986) states that the killing and destruction that was visited upon Transoxania (part of Central Asia) at Chingiz Khan’s hands was evidently appalling and also states that a worse fate was in store for Khurasan which was comprehensively wrecked.[59] The Mongol invasions resulted in a huge amount of destruction of many major Muslim cities, rural irrigation systems and the deaths of millions of Muslims in cities and in the countryside and represent one of the major factors in the gradual decline of Islamic civilization, economy and overall relative Muslim power in the world vis-à-vis other parts of the world for the immediate period (it may indeed be argued that the Islamic world has never recovered from the major destruction wrought upon many Muslim regions at the hands of the Mongols in the 13th century). Mongol victory was aided by division between states in the Islamic world such as that between the Sultan of Khwarezm (Muslim state in Central Asia) and ‘Abbasid Baghdad.[60] The Mongol assault on ‘Abbasid Baghdad in 1258 resulted in the destruction of this great city and the deaths of hundreds of thousands if not a million plus Muslims. Vast parts of the city were laid to ruin, what remained of the ‘Abbasid state (which by this period only existed in and around the lands around Baghdad due to the gradual independence of regions across the Islamic world that were once provinces in the ‘Abbasid state) came to an end following the killing of the last ‘Abbasid Khalifa.

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